How far should advertising be allowed to airbrush reality?

August 19, 2011

When was the last time we had an old-fashioned row over the pernicious effect of advertising on bulging waistlines, cyrrhotic livers and diseased lungs? Well over a year ago, I would guess. Thanks to a change of political regime and, more importantly perhaps, a tightening of public purse strings, many of the advertising industry’s bêtes noires (for which read single-issue NGOs and pressure groups) have – for the time being – beat a retreat to their burrows.

One resilient exception is the vexed issue of airbrushing, which just won’t go away. Should our model images – whether celebrity or mannequin – reveal their true selves, warts and all? Or should they be allowed to convey, thanks to the alchemy of digital manipulation, an idealised perfection? And if the latter, where do we draw the line?

Vintage image manipulation: Henry VIII fell for it

It has to be said, this is not exactly a fresh issue. The vintage victim of visual misrepresentation was Henry VIII – who became understandably incandescent on discovering his bride-to-be, the svelte young Duchess of Cleves portrayed by court painter Hans Holbein, was in the flesh a wholly unprepossessing ‘Mare of Flanders’.

Much more recently, the charge has been led by Liberal Democrat MP Jo Swinson, who claimed L’Oréal’s scalp when she persuaded the Advertising Standards Authority that the cosmetics company had gone over the top in representing actress Julia Roberts and supermodel Christy Turlington as airbrushed examples of an impossible beauty.

Of the two, Henry had the better case: Holbein’s portrait blatantly lied. L’Oréal, on the other hand, might reasonably contend (and in fact did, in so many words) that it is in the business of portraying unattainable beauty: it sells a dream, not the fleshly reality. Swinson’s point, and presumably the ASA’s in adjudicating against the campaign, is that the images are of such unblemished perfection that young females – slavishly devoted to celebrity culture – will feel their own bodies wholly inadequate by comparison.

Strangely, what no one has done is to ask the target market itself. Until now that is. Out of Credos, the Advertising Association’s recently founded think tank, comes a new piece of research that tackles the attitudes of 10-21 year-old girls and their mothers towards advertising manipulation. On the face of it (the results have yet to be formally published), the mums seem a lot more outraged than their daughters, who display a cynical insouciance towards the whole business.

In a spirit of mischievous inquiry, AdMatters – the AA’s online house magazine – has decided to extend the parameters of Credos’ research to all comers. Equally mischievously, I pass on their proposal:

“We at AdMatters would like to conduct some research of our own. The Credos survey asked girls aged 10 to 21: which of the models below would you use in an ad aimed at “people like you”?

 


 

“Now we’d like to hear from you, our loyal readers. We care not what age or gender you are, merely that you are a person and buy things. Choose your favourite (1-4, left-right) and tweet @ad_association, with #bikinis. Results may or may not be published.”

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Should the Advertising Association change the name of its game?

December 2, 2010

David Cameron’s studied attack on marketers’ behaviour last week has stirred up an anguished debate about the industry’s status and social purpose.

The specific context of Cameron’s assault is clear: “We saw an irresponsible media and marketing free-for-all justified on the argument that it (marketing) was good for growth – with little thought about the impact on childhood.” In other words, young dad deliberately reignites an emotive issue – childhood innocence – which readily creates empathy with voters.

But, if anything, it is the wider context of his remarks that should trouble the industry. Cameron’s barb was planted in a speech whose more general purpose was to lay the foundations for an alternative to the materialistic cult of economic growth as the only gauge of our national progress. Business success, measured by GDP, is “an incomplete way of measuring a country’s progress”, he said, and does “not show how growth is created”. Hence the establishment of a Gross National Happiness calculus, touching on such issues as our attitudes to health and education, which will shortly make its appearance via the Office of National Statistics (also responsible for measuring GDP).

Admirable sentiments no doubt, but there was a nasty spin in the language used to portray them. Inherent was the suggestion that marketing is only there to promote mindless consumerism, reckless of the social consequences.

It’s something that goes to the heart of Credos, a think-tank set up by the Advertising Association earlier this year to combat negative social perceptions about the role of marketing communications. Opinion formers – of which Cameron is the most eminent example – tend to have a very lopsided view of marketing, according to Credos director Karen Fraser. They are quick to seize upon its manipulative communications techniques – typically characterised as selling things to people who don’t need them; and slow to appreciate the wider benefits of building businesses, improving export performance, lowering prices, contributing to a plural media, diversifying economic choice and creating employment. Sometimes this can be put down to economic ignorance. And sometimes to wilful misunderstanding. After all, the industry is a useful whipping boy – especially for politicians desperate to blame complex social issues like obesity and alcohol abuse on a readily intelligible evil that will resonate with the ordinary voter.

All that said, I agree with Marketing Week editor Mark Choueke when he argues that the AA must change its language if it is to succeed in this hearts-and-minds mission. The issue is wider than the advertising industry. “Advertising” may be part of the founding mandate of the AA, and it may be the most visible and easily measurable aspect of marketing communications. But the very name is beginning to sound quaint. It’s not even – as the latest AA bulletin points out – reflective of the AA’s wider membership.

Time for a name change, to reflect a changing industry?


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