Reckitt Benckiser chief executive Rakesh Kapoor reshapes the world of marketing

February 9, 2012

Lapac and Rumea sound a bit like those ancient continents Gondwana and Laurea, which straddled the Earth before tectonic plates carved them into the world map we’re all familiar with.

Actually, the parallel is not so very far off the mark. Except, the carving of these new continental landmasses is being done, even as we speak, by Rakesh Kapoor, recently appointed chief executive of healthcare-to-household conglomerate Reckitt Benckiser.

This is part and parcel of his new vision of the commercial world, articulated as a kind of antidote to some not-overly-impressive full year figures which have been announced at the same time.

As Kapoor sees it the motor-force markets of North America and Europe will, at best, stagnate in the years to come, so he’s taken the radical step of downsizing them into a single operation, centered on Amsterdam, in order to cut costs.

At the same time emerging markets, where almost all RB’s future growth is expected to come from, have been recast with new and emphatic importance. Hence “Lapac”, or Latin America and Pacific countries; and “Rumea”, Russia, the Middle East and Africa.

These are no mere geographical expressions either; Kapoor intends to put RB’s money where his mouth is. At the moment, only half the company’s capital expenditure goes into these regions. By 2016 this will rise to 80%. And we can expect little less revolution in the way the marketing budget be allocated: the bias towards emerging markets will shift from 44% to 55% over the same period.

It can hardly have escaped notice that a strategic realignment of this kind was implicit in Kapoor’s appointment as CEO in the first place. He is the first Indian to lead RB’s stalwartly Caucasian board. As such, he is part of a growing trend in multinational companies: the displacement of WASP leadership.

Look around you and you will see Coca-Cola and Pepsi rearming for an all-too-traditional cola war, with greatly increased marketing budgets. But one corporation is now led by a Turkish-American Muslim, Muhtar Kent, and the other by Indian-born Indra Nooyi. They’re not there by historical coincidence. A lot of that money will be spent over the next 4 years encouraging people in emerging markets to drink cola; rather than simply refreshing the palates of jaded North Americans.

We might note the same trend at Citigroup, whose chief executive is Vikram Pandit, and Deutsche Bank, which has picked Anshu Jain as its new co-chief executive. Or even at that redoubtable WASP establishment Harvard Business School, whose dean of two years is Nitin Nohria.

The big surprise is that Unilever did not take this route when appointing a successor to Patrick Cescau, instead plumping for a Dutch outsider with a P&G and Nestlé pedigree, Paul Polman. Maybe appointing a non-European would have been too far ahead of the curve in early 2009.

That said, the two most promising internal candidates for the CEO job, Harish Manwani and Vindi Banga, were – as their names clearly indicate – both Indian. If Polman decides to move on, I’ll wager that the next Unilever CEO will be Indian.

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P&G colossus steps aside

June 10, 2009

AG LafleyThis week, one of the great captains of industry over the past decade has announced he will soon be stepping aside. Alan (better known as AG) Lafley will remain chairman of Procter & Gamble, but is handing over the management reins to a new chief executive officer, Robert McDonald.

Although Lafley’s relative youth (he is only 62) has raised eyebrows about the timing of the transition, the beneficiary of it is no surprise. McDonald, 55, is chief operating officer and, like Lafley, a P&G veteran – in this case of 29 years. Personal chemistry between the men is good (they both, for example, share a military background) and Lafley has long groomed McDonald as his successor. For the avoidance of any doubt as to who was going to succeed Lafley, the only other competitor – Susan Arnold – announced she was quitting back in March.

Almost without saying, Lafley will be a very hard act to follow. I wouldn’t go quite so far as to say he found some brick rubble and turned it into a marble palace, but not far off. P&G was in a serious mess when he took over in 2000. His predecessor, Durk Jager, had caused near mutiny in the company by attempting to introduce a policy of accelerated corporate transformation while failing to take his team with him. In an unprecedented act at P&G, he was shown the door within 18 months.

Admittedly, it would hard to be less consensual than Jager, but Lafley is certainly a lot more emollient, scoring highly on people skills. That alone wouldn’t account for his reputation. It is the strength of his strategic vision, and the way he has calmly, methodically, implemented it that distinguishes him. To combat the classic problem facing multinational consumer goods companies – declining margins in advanced economies, and increasing competition from own-label – Lafley drew up a multi-layered plan.  One element was to play to P&G’s traditional strengths: enhancement of margin through added-value innovation. Lafley has completely overhauled, and to good effect, P&G’s approach to innovation, opening up closed “Proctoid” culture to outside inventors.

More dramatically, he has sought to boost P&G profits by moving much further into higher-margin areas, such as beauty and male-grooming products, through a series of high-profile acquisitions. Notably, the company acquired Clairol and Wella. However, if there is a single act for which Lafley will be remembered, it has to be the $57bn acquisition of Gillette. This was a headline-catching event in itself, which has played a significant role in underpinning Lafley’s boast that he has more than doubled P&G’s sales during his tenure. But it is more than that. Gillette has given P&G – a company almost exclusively concerned with the female mindset – a strategic insight into male buying behaviour.

At the close of Lafley’s reign, P&G is once again facing some of the problems which beset it at its inception. Consumers in a recession value cheapness over added value and act accordingly. In May, P&G issued a sharply lower earnings forecast for the next fiscal year, starting July 1 – the day Lafley steps down.

As a complement to Lafley’s drive towards higher margins, his successor McDonald has played a major role in shifting P&G’s manufacturing capability to more fruitful, and less expensive, emerging economies. McDonald will no doubt have to tidy up some loose ends, like disposing of the more peripheral Gillette brands, namely Duracell and Braun. But it is doubtful whether he will be deflected from Lafley’s strategy in any major way. Once the recession is over, consumers will come back to the added-value proposition.

If you want a final perspective on Lafley’s tenure, benchmark it with that of Niall Fitzgerald and Patrick Cescau at Unilever during the same period.


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